pq"r#w~ q#n kvQhR ar#@whQ rs mvw~v`..... 

mm|mt`c`rn~ vQsQn~ "v&Vg&`r~}y" yn nmQn~q a`nn~qvr~{n vQsQn~ 
{|vnQw`r~}y nmQn~q axQ@pY~w ar~}y a#w#m| nRwn vQc`rkyn~ ey 
vQvrNy krn pYm`Nyt vd` pRUl~ vRq vQvQ{ vRq ekkQ. nRwn 
vQc`rkyn~ v&Vg&`r~}y yn pqy @y`qn~@n~ pq&yk a#wQ a#w#m| 
vcn a`XY@yn~ a#wQvn prQv`r h#MWm| smRhy h#MvWmty. vcnyk 
ar~} vQgYh krn bthQr vQc`rk@y`~q EMOTIVE MEONING @h`~ 
ASSOCIATIONS yn pqvlQn~ @m| h#MWm| smRhy m aqhs~ krwQ. 
m` vQsQn~ anRxSw`r~}y ynR@vn~ h[En~vnR l#bR@N~q vcnykt 
ayw~vQy yRwO ar~}yk~ h#tQyt s#lkQy yRwO @m| h#MWm| smRhym @v|. 
e@hw~ @m| anRxSw`r~}y, sAs~k^w vQc`rkyn~ vQsQn~ v&Vg&`r~}y yQ 
h#[Qn~vRNR ar~}@yhQ ek~ pk~;yk~ @hvw~ aAXyk~ pmNkQ.

"{|vnQv`qWn~ v&Vg&`r~}" @hvw~ {|vnQw`r~} yn pq x`vQw @k`t 
a#w~@w~ anRxSw`r~}yt vd` pLl~ ar~}yk~ qWm s[h`y. ovRhR {|vnQy 
k`v&@y~ a`w~my @k`t s#lkSh. v`c&`r~}y axQxv` v&Vg&`r~}y 
n#gW sQtQn k`v& uw~wm gN@y~ k`v& h#tQyt pQLQgw~ ovRhR It 
{|vnQk`v& ynR@vn~ vQ@X~; n`myk~q v&vh`r kLh. {|vnQk`r 
@m| k`v& vQ@X~;y h[En~vmQn~ @m@s~ kQyyQ.

ywY`w}r~A Xb|@q`v` wA aw}r~, upsjr~nW k^n 
s~v`@w}r~_ v&VkwA k`vw& vQ@X~;A {|vnQr~ iwQ 
sRrxQA k}r~wA 

x`vy- ym| k`v&yk ar~}yk~ @h`~ Xb|qyk~ @v|q e~ a}r~y apY{`n 
krn lq (gONQk^wvR) Xb|qyw~ a}r~yw~ @q@qn` v&z~jn` 
Xk~wQ@yn~ pYk`X vR@y~ nm| e~ k`v& vQ@X~;y, {|vnQyyQ sRrn~ kQyn 
lqW. {|vnQk`ryn~ q#k~vR @m| aqhs mm|mt`c`rn~ sQy k`v& 
pYk`Xn@yhQ qk~v` a#w~@w~ @m@s~y.

iq mRw~w mmwWXynQ v&A@g& v`c&`q~ {|vnQr~ 
bR@@{A k}r~wA

(v&Vg&y, v`c&y ik~m vR vQt (v`c&r~}yt vd` v&Vg&`r~}y 
a{Qk nm| {|vnQ k`v& uw~wmyyQ s#l@k~.)

v`c&`r~}y axQxv` n#g en v&Vg&`r~}yk~ a#wQ kQrm rs 
nQ;~p`qny krn kvQy`@g~ armRN vQy yRwO bv @myQn~ @hLQ@v|. 
kvQy` sQy nQr~m`N@yhQ v&Vg&`r~} a#wQ kQrm pQNQs m`r~g 
kQhQpyk~m anRgmny kryQ.

pLmRv#nQ m`r~gy nm| vcnvl anRxSw`r~} anRs`r@yn~ pq&yk 
rsnQ@v|snyk~ a#wQ kQrmyQ. @mv#nQ pq&yk v&Vg&`r~}y 
a#wQvn~@n~ ehQ @y`q` a#wQ vcnvl sm|mw`r~} e~v`@y~ anRxSw`r~} 
mgQn~ uq~qWpny vW@m| pYwQPlyk~ vX@ynQ. @mv#nQ pq&yk 
anRxSw`r~}y @k`wrm| pYblv n#MW sQtQyq e~ @h~wO @k`t@gn ehQ 
sm|mw`r~}y @vnskt x`jn @n`@v|.

vQ[QmQn~ svs nl h#sQ@rn qQgwOvl 

@s`bmn~ sRnQl~ mQNQ nQl~ nRbwOr# vQpRl

pwsn~ avr gQrQ n#tQ@yn~ v#@tn kl 

vQLQkOn~ sRrw~ pl v#nQ @v| rQvQ mV l 

@m| pq&@yn~ bQhQvn v&Vg&`r~}y, ehQ vc&`r~}y axQxv` n#MW 
sQtQyQ. e@s~ vn~@n~ @mhQ a#w#m| vcn a`XY@yn~ pYblv vQhQqW yn 
anRxSw`r~} @h~wO @k`t@gny. nQqsRnk~ vX@yn~ "vQlQkOn~ sRrw~pl" 
yn vcn kQhQpy vQms` b#lQy h#kQyQ. @m| pqvlQn~ n#@gn 
anRxSw`r~} @b@hvQn~ vQsQwOr# vWmt pQLQvn. e@hw~ e~ krN
@k`t@gn iqENR rwO @gdQy yn sm|mw`r~}y @n`@vns~v pvwW. 
eb#vQn~ v&Vg&`r~}y a#wQ krn pLmRv#nQ m`r~g@yhQ anQv`r~y 
lk~;Ny nm| It ayw~ vcnvl sm|mw`r~}, e~v`@y~ anRxSw`r~} 
mgQn~ uq~qWpny vWm @hvw~ wQyRNR vWmk#yQ kQv h#kQy.

pq&yk v&Vg&`r~}yk~ a#wQ kL h#k~@k~ ehQ @y`qn vcnvl 
sm|mw`r~}y uq~qWpny kQr@mn~ pmNk~ @n`@v|. kQsQym| pq&yk~ 
sms~w vX@yn~ gw~vQt n#@gn v&Vg&`r~}y ehQ sm|mw`}r~yt 
h`w~psQn~m @vns~ ar~}yk~ @qn~nk~ vQy h#kQy. @m| s[h` kvQy` 
@y`q` gn~n` m`r~g kQhQpyk~ vQx`g@k`t b#lWm v&Vg&`r~}y 
yn~@nhQ prQsm`p~w ar~}y vth` g#nWmt upk`r @v|y#yQ sQwmQ.

ek~wr` s~v`mQ@yk~ qErb#h#r pL`wkt y$mt sRq`nm| @vyQ. 
hQmQy`@g~ @vn~vWm wm`@g~ vQrh qEkt @h~wO@vwQyQ qk~n` bQrQ[ 
ohR@g~ gmn v#L#k~vWmt sQwyQ. e@hw~ a$ e~ bv pYk`X krn~@n~ 
@kLQn~m @n`v v&Vg`r~}@ynQ.

"yyw~ @h`w~ mh b`- wt hQy @v|v mM

m` ehQ q#@v|v`-gQ@y nm| hQmQ @wnk~ ym|" 

(sQybs~lkr 182 pq&y)

qN~dQn~@g~ k`v&`qr~X@yn~ @gn, sQybs~ lk@rhQ bh`ln lq @m| 
pq&@yhQ sm|mw`r~}y @m@s~y. mhpQn#wQ·hQmQynQ. ob yn~@nhQ nm| 
yn~n. ob yn m`r~gy obt sRvq`yk @v|v`. ob ym| w#nktm 
s#pw~vW nm| m`@g~ upwq ehQm @v|v`. @m| sm|mw`r~}yt anRv 
ek~ vrtm @pnWynR@y~ a$ ohR@g~ gmn anRqw~ bv pmNk~ @n`v 
ohR@g~ gmn sRvq`yk @v|v`yQ a`XQr~v`qyk~q kr a#wQ bvyQ. 
e@hw~ @m| pq&@y~ sm|mw`r~}yt ytQn~ qQ@vn v&Ag&`r~}y It 
h`w~psQn~ m @vns~ vRvkQ. hQmQy` ym| w#nkt s#pw~ vWnm| wm`w~ 
ew#nm ip@q~v`yQ a$ pY`r~}n` kryQ. kQsQvkOt amRwO w#nk n#vw 
jn~myk~ lq h#kQ vn~@n~ q#n~ sQtQn w#nQn~ mQyy$@mn~ pmNkQ. 
eb#vQn~ hQmQy` sQtQn w#n amRwO@vn~ jn~myk~ l#bWmt nm| @m| 
k`n~w`v @mw#n mr#mRvt pw~ vQy yRwOy. a$ nQyw vX@yn~m 
@mhQ mr#mRvt pw~vn bv a$ qn~nWy. a$ e@s~ mQyyn~@n~ hQmQy`@g~ 
@vn~vWm nQs` a#wQvn @X`~ky @hvw~ vQrh qEk qr`gw @n`hW@mnQ. 
eb#vQn~ a$ mrN@yn~ mRqv` gw h#k~@k~ ohR@g~ gmn nvw`lW@mn~ 
pmNkQ. @m| pq&y kQyn lq~@q~ e~ k`n~w`v vQsQn~ hQmQy`@g~ gmn 
vLk~vn aqhsQnQ. eb#vQn~ ytkW pq&@y~ sm|mw`r~}y ohR@g~ gmnt 
krn a`XQr~v`qyk~ @ls @pnRNq ehQ v&Ag&`r~}y e~ gmn 
v#L#k~vWm pQNQs krn lq~qk#yQ kQv h#kQy. @m| v&Ag&`r~} 
a#wQvWmt wOdRqEn~@n~ kvQy` @y`q` a#wQ vcnvl anRxSw`r~} @n`@v|. 
anRxSw`r~}y @mn~ vcnyk sm|mw`r~}y uq~qWpny krnR @vnRvt 
@mhQ sQqEvW a#w~@w~ sm|mw`r~}yt mRUmnQn~ b`{` kQrWmkQ.

pq&yk sm|mw`r~}y v#L#k~vW@mn~ a#wQvn v&Ag&`r~}yt wvw~ 
nQqsRnk~ @m|y.

ek~wr` wr#N k`n~w`vk~ sQy @pm|vw` hmRvWm pQNQs @g`~q`vr 
gA@wr wOr# vqElk~ kr` p#mQ@NyQ. ek~ w`ps@ykO q plv#l 
@nlWm pQNQs @mw#ntm en bv q#ngw~ a$ wvRs`@g~ gmn 
v#L#k~vWmt sQw` @m@s~ kQyyQ.

q#h#mQy ynR m#nvQ - eq` ob s#pR s#V blE 

mr`q` a$w mQMQ@qk~ - @g`~q`vr gA@wr" 

@mhQ sm|mw`r~}y @m@s~y.

q#h#mQ wvRs`NnQ (plv#l @nlWm pQNQs) yn~n. vrk~ @g`~q`vr 
gA@wrqW ob s#pR e~ s#r pr#; sRnKy` sQAh@ykO vQsQn~ mr`q` 
wQ@b|."

vrk~ @m| wvRs` @g`~q`vr gA@wr plv#l @s`ymQn~ sQtQn awrqW 
bl~@lkO vQsQn~ sp` kn lqW. eq` sQt wvRs` ehQ yn~@n~ ek~wr` 
bQykQn~q yRwOvy. @k`yQ @m`@h`wk n#vww~ bl~l`t @g`qEr# @v|q#yQ 
s#kyk~ ohR wOL pvwW. e@hw~ q#n~ e@s~ bQy vWmt kr#Nk~ n#wQ 
bvw~, ohRt bQy @gnqEn~ e~ sRnKy` sQAh@ykO vQsQn~ mr`q` a#wQ 
bvw~ k`n~w`v ohRt kQyyQ. e~ nQs` plv#l @nlWm s[h` yn @ls 
a$ ohRt qn~v` sQtQyQ. bl~l`@gn~ wvqErtw~ uvqErk~ @n`p#mQ@Nn 
bv s#bvQ. bl~l` mr`q` a#w~@w~ sQAh@ykQ. eq` ehQ sQtQ bl~l` 
@vnRvt aq ehQ sQtQn~@n~ Itw~ vd` bQy elvnsRlE s@wkQ. @myQn~ 
wvRs`@g~ bQy wv wvw~ v#@dn bv k`n~w`v qn~nWy. eb#vQn~ a$ 
@m| pq&@yn~ aMv` sQtQn~@n~ @g`~q`vr gA@wrt @n`yn @lsy. 
anRxSw`r~}y up@y`~gQ @k`t @n`@gn vRvq v&Ag&`r~}yk~ a#wQ 
kL h#kQ a`k`ry @m| pq&@yn~ q @hLQ @v|.

mh`c`r~y @j~. bW. qQs`n`yk