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" mm pEAcQ k`@l~ i[\lm sAgWwyt a`s` kL`. a@p~ @gq\r ayQyl`
ak~kl` h#m @q\@nk~m v`@g~ sAgWwyt k#mwQyQ. m@g~ ek ak~k`
@k@nk~ sAgWw gOr#vrQyk~. @gq\r e~ psEbQm m`v i@b|m sAgWwyt
@y`mE krn~n a#wQ. e~ k`@l~ m@g~ ak~k` @k@nk~ sAgWwy i@gn
gn~n pAwQ yq\~q\W es~r`jy @gn yn~@n mmyQ. m@g~ svn~ pmNk~
@n@vyQ, hq\vwq\ @m| nQs` kOd` k`L@y~q\Wm sAgWwyt hEr# vEN`. "
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ak~k` sAgWwy i@gn g#nWmt vQX`rq\ amr@q\~vyn~ p` @svNt yn avq\Q@y~,
pEAcQ ml~lW ak~k`@g~ es~r`jy rF@gn a#@g~ wnQyt gQ@y~y. ak~k` sAgWwy
i@gn gnQq\~q\W ml~lW @nw~ sQw~ q\l~v` It svn~ @y`mE k@L~y. nQv@s~ q\W ak~k`
pEhENE @vn awrwOr a#yt amwk vR w#n~ ml~lW vQsQn~ mwk~ kr @q\nE l#bQNQ.
1955 q\W mRlQk a{&`pny s[\h` k#LNQy {'m`@l`~k vQqEhlt a#wOlw~v 1967
@wk~ ehQ a{&`pny l#bR @m| pEAcQ ml~lW~ nmn~ p#tQkQrQ@g~ sEnQl~ jypYWwQ eq\QrQsQAh
@n`e@s~nm|, sEnQl~ eq\QrQsQAh y. {'m`@l`~k vQqEh@l~ sQp~ swr hq\`rmQn~ sQtQ
sEnQl~, an~w'p`TX`lWy e~kl g`yn wrMykt shx`gW vW ey jygYhny krmQn~
sQy g`yn @k_;l&y @l`v hmE@v| w#bWm a`rm|x k@L~y. @mm kYQy`k`rkm| s[\h`
kOd` sEnQl~t awhQw @q\nE l#bR@v| b'tYm| @s~n`rw~n gOr#wOm`y.
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1949 @q\s#m|b' 19 q\Qn @k`LB q\W upw lq\ sEnQl~~@g~, pQy`
p#tQkQrQ@g~ eq\QrQsQAh h` mv us~@ht|tQ@g~ elQsbw~ @p@'r` y.
sEnQl~t v#dQmhl~ s@h`~q\ryQn~ sw~ @q\@nkQ. {'msQrQ, @tk~l` s[\sWlQ,
f~@l`n~d` k#wrQn~, m'sQ sQrQm`m@g~, elQsbw~ jy@k`dQ, swQs~cn~qY
h` nQml~ rAjQw~ sEnQl~@g~ s@h`~q\r s@h`~q\ryQn~y.
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1967 q\W mRlQk a{&`pny avsn~ kL sEnQl~, uss~ @pL h#q\$rWm s[\h` pY}m@yn~
spEgs~kn~q\ mh` vQqEhlt q\ psEv @q\l~@g`d kL&`N pYq\Wp pQrQ@vNt q\ a#wOlw~
vR@v|y. uss~ @pL a{&`pny nQm kQrWmw~ smgm rj@y~ mEqYN nWwQgw sAs~}`@v|
lQpQkr#@vkO vX@yn~ sEnQl~ sQy rFkQy`v a#rBE@v|y.
" mm kvq\ hrQ cQwYptyk~ a{&]Ny krpE q\vst e~@k~ sQAqEvk~ kQyn~n ml~lQt
avs~}`v @q\nv`, kQyl` ayQy` qEn~ @p`@r`n~qEv mt vys 18 q\W ayQy` i;~T kL`.
ohE a{&]Ny kl mEl~m cQwYpty "m`wr a`c|cQ" yQ. mt e~ cQwYpt@y~ gWwyk~
g`yn` krn~n avs~}`v l#bEN`. gWwy l#bENm mt ckQwyk~ q\#@nn~n ptn~
gw~w`. hrQyt @m| gWwy kQy` gn~n l#@byQq\ kQyl`."
1967 q\W m#lQbn~ gOvn~ @w`tQl~l v#dsth@n~ avs`n mh` wrM@y~q\W @q\vn
s~}`ny hQmQkr@gn sQtQ sEnQl~, 1970 sQy @s`yEr# swQX~cn~qY eq\QrQsQAh
a{&]Ny kL "m`wr a`c|cQ" cQwYpt@y~ gWwyk~ g`yny krmQn~ nQL vX@yn~
sQy g`yn q\QvQy a`rm|x k@L~y. ekW mAgl g`yny "s[\kd phNk k#tym|
opl`" gWwyyQ.
sQy pY}m g`yn@yn~ psE v#dQqEr a{&`pny lb` g#nWmt wWrNy kl sEnQl~
1972 q\W g`yn h` v`q\& vQX`rq\ pW. vW. nn~q\sQrQ a`c`'yvry`@g~ sAgWw
X`s~wY`lyt a#wOU vR@v|y. psEv 1973 q\W x`w~KN~d sAgWw vQq\&` pWTyt a#wOLw~
vW ehQ pY}m vQx`gy pLmE @pL s`m`'}yk~ shQwv smw~ vW@mn~ psE n#vw sQy
rtt p#mQNQ@y~y. jW. es~. bW. r`NQ @p@'r` mhw~mQy nQX~p`q\ny kL "pYbEq\~{ gW"
v#dsthnt shx`gQ vR sEnQl~ eq\QrQsQAh sQy pY}m gOvn~ vQqElQ gWwy ("v`q\ky`nnQ
o@b| sQw`ry") ptQgw kQrWmw~ smg gOvn~ vQqElQ srL gW g`yk@ykO @ls nv
pY@v|Xyk~ lb` gw~@w~y.
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"m`wr a`c|cQ" cQwYpt@yn~ g`yny a`rm|x kL sEnQl~
eq\QrQsQAh 1974 q\W "hElv`lQ" h` "XWY mq\`r`" cQwYptvl
psEbQm| g`ynt ek~ vR@v|y. n#vw 1975 q\W x`w~KN~d
sAgWw vQq\&` pWTyt pQtw~ vR sEnQl~ ehQq\W dQp~@l`~m`
vQx`gy pLmE @pL sm`'}yk~ lb`@gn n#vw
p#mQNQ@y~y.
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psEv ohE gOvn~ vQqElQ srL gW prW]Ny q\ smw~ vQy.
1977 q\W @h`rN XWYp`lQ a`ywny mgQn~ vQX`rq\ pLmE
@pL s[\h` @pnW sQt eyq\ smw~ vR psE @vL[\ gW
w#tQyk~ s[\h` gWw hwrk~ nQ'm`Ny krmQn~ s~vkWy
nQ'm`N rsQky` hmEvt iq\QrQpw~ kQrWm a#rBWy. em
gWwyn~hQ sAgWw a{&]Ny @r`~hN vWrsQAhyn~ vQsQnQ.
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1979 vn vQt jnpYQy g`yk@ykO @ls nm| q\r`@gn
sQtQ sEnQl~ eq\QrQsQAh em vs@'q\W sQy q\QvQm@g~ v#q\gw~
sA{Qs~}`nyk~ psE k@L~y. enm| 1979 vs@'q\W,
p#tQkQrQ@g~ sEnQl~ jypYWwQ eq\QrQsQAh h` mQ@rn~cQ
a`rc|cQl`@g~@q\`~n nn~q\nW mENsQAh (kOmEqE mENsQAh)
awr vQv`hy sQqEvQy. q\#n~ sEnQl~ eq\QrQsQAh q\r#vn~
@q\@q\@nkO@g~ pQ@ykQ. sAK cmQn~qY h` sEq\Qn~n` sAKnW
sEnQl~ eq\QrQsQAhyn~@g~ pEwO sh q\QyNQyyQ.
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" mm @m@wk~ m@g~ aw~q\#kWm| gWw vlQn~ gy` a#w~@w~
a@pn~ vQ@y`~vR am|m` @vnE@vn~ pmNyQ. e~ h#@rn~nt
mm hQwnv`, k@l~ p#n~ a#w n#vEm| rh n#w v#nQ
gWw m@g~m aw~q\#kWm| kQy`. bQrQ[\ q\Qn @q\k wOnkt
@gq\rQn~ pQt vR vQt s#mQ@ykOt q\#@nn p`Uv e~ gWwy
gyq\~q\W m`w~ aw~q\#k wQynv` @n`@v|q\#yQ hQ@wnv`. "
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XYW lAk`vt k#st| pty h[En~v` q\W@mn~ psEv sEnQl~ eq\QrQsQAh q\ em m`{& wOlQn~
rsQk hq\vw~ wOlt pQvQsWm a#rBE@v|y. ohE@g~ pY}m k#st| pty 1980 ag x`g@y~
q\W "cn~qYmVl" nmQn~ sWm`shQw sQAg~ lAk` sm`gm vQsQn~ eLQ q\#k~vWy. in~ psEv
1982 : s[\kd phN, 1985 : m@g~ @s@nhs, 1986 : ml~ vt|tQyk~, 1988 : s[\kd
k#tym, 1989 : nQm| @wrk~, 1992 : aml~ bQ@s`~, 1994 : @r`~s kOsEmk~ yn k#st|
pt @pL sh nvwm v`hk m`{&y vn sAyEk~w w#tQ gNn`vk~ q\ sEnQl~ eq\QrQsQAhyn~
vQsQn~ eLQ q\k~v` a#w.
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70 q\Xky wOlq\W gOvn~ vQqElQ g`yk@yk~ @ls pY@v|Xy
lb`gw~ sEnQl~ eq\QrQsQAh 1980 q\W XYW lAk` gOvn~ vQqElQ
sAs~}`@v| vQXQ;~T @XY~NQ@y~ g`yk@ykO vX@yn~ sEqEsEkm|
l#bE@v|y. 1983 vn vQt m`wr a`c|cQ, XYW mq\`r`, hElv`lQ,
pErn~ ap~pE, swr q\Qgn~wy, k#L$ ml~, m#NQk~ m`lQg`,
a{Q;~T`ny v#nQ cQwYpt vlt gWw g`yn` kr wQbR sEnQl~
eq\QrQsQAh 1983 vs@' q\W sQy sAgWw q\QvQm@g~ pY}m
sm|m`n@yn~ pQqEm l#bE@v|y. em sm|m`ny swQX~cn~qY
eq\QrQsQAhyn~ @g~ a{Q;~T`ny cQwYpt@y~ "m`y` mQQrQMOv pQr#NE
@l`~ w@l~" gWwy g`yny @vnE@vn~ pEq\n lq\Q.
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1985 q\Q sEnQl~ eq\QrQsQAhyn~ vQ@q\~Xyn~hQ sAc`ry kQrWm q\ a#rBE@v|y. em vs@'q\W
bYQw`n&, pYAXy, iw`lQy h` j'mnQy yn rt vl sQy pYsAg pvw~vn lq\Q. wvq\ em
vs@'q\Wm kO@v|t| h` bh@'n~hQ q\, psEv 1990 vn vQt @lbnny, os~@tY|lQy`v,
sQAgp~pRr#v, @k`rQy`v yn rtvl q\ 1991 q\W kt`'hQ q\ sEnQl~ eq\QrQsQAhyn~ @g~
sAgWw pYsAg pvw~vn lq\Q. n#vw 2000 vs@'q\W q\ sEnQl~ eq\QrQsQAhyn~@g~ pYsAgyk~
bYQw`n&@y~ @v|q\Qk`gw krn lq\Q.
1992 vn vQt sm|m`n rFskQn~ pEq\ l#b sQtQ, e@mn~m rtvl~ gNn`vk sAc`r
sQqEkL sEnQl~ eq\QrQsQAhyn~ ht em vs@'q\W "vQsQ vsrk g`yn mg vQk`Xy" nmQn~
@k`LB mhjn pEs~}k`l@y~ q\W uph`r u@Llk~ pvw~vn lq\Q.
1994 q\W sQy pY}m e~k pEq\~gl pYsAgy vn "s[\kd phN" a`rm|x kQrWmw~ smgm
sEnQl~ eq\QrQsQAh, rtvt` pmNk~ @n`v @l`v vt` q\ sAc`ry krmQn~ sQy s[\kd
phN @v|q\Qk`gw k@L~y. dEb`yQ, abEd`bQ, os~@tY|lQy`, bh@'n~, k#nd` @mn~m yLQw~
1995 q\W j'mnQy, s~vQt|s'ln~wy, pYAXy, iw`lQy, @r`~my a`q\W vX@yn~ rtvl~
gnn`vkm s[\kd phN pYsAgy @v|q\Qk`gw vQy.
1995 vs@' q\W s[\kd phN pYsAg@y~ @v|q\Qk`gw v`r gNn 150 sm|pR'N vQy.
150 vn pYsAg v`ry bN~d`rn`yk j`w&n~wr X`l`@v|q\W uw~sv`k`r@yn~ pvw~v`,
ehQ gW pq\ rcny, sAgWw nQ'm`Ny a`q\W nQ'm`N q\`ykw~v u@q\s` pY}m vrt
pYs`q\ q\Wmn` @q\nE l#bQNQ.
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